1,000 Year Old Deformed Cranium Found in Mexican Cementery

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In Sonora, Mexico archaeologists have found an 1,000 year old pre-Hispanic cemetery.  Where they found, 25 individuals; 13 have intentional cranial deformation and five also have dental mutilation, cultural practices which are similar to those of pre-Hispanic groups in southern Sinaloa and northern Nayarit, but until now, have not been seen in Sonora.

"The area's findings holds unique characteristics because it mixes cultural expressions of groups from the northern part of Mexico such as the use of shells and spiral shells originating from the Gulf of California, with western traditions never before seen in Sonora.  With this discovery, the limit of influence of the Mesoamerican people has been shown to be more extensive than what had been registered in Archaeology" said Archaeologist Cristina Garcia Moreno, director of the investigation project by Arizona State University with the approval of the Council of Archaeology of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), when data was discovered. (excavation season 2012)  

Turtle Shell placed over abdomen

Some of the individuals were wearing ornaments such as as bangles, nose rings, earrings, pendants made from shells, also one contained a turtle shell, carefully placed over the abdomen. However, the archaeologists noted that the burials were not accompanied by the expected offerings and containers.

Garcia Moreno said that there is no other site found in Sonora that show similar cranium deformation or dental modification.  "The closest cultural groups that had developed this traditions were in the northern part of Sinaloa and the Marismas Nacionales area (south of Sinaloa and north of Nayarit), and they had incorporated into their culture some western and Mesoamerican customs"

"Cranial deformation in Mesoamerican cultures was used to differentiate one social group from another and for ritual purposes, while dental mutilation in cultures such as the Nayarit was seen as a rite of passage into adolescence.  This is confirmed by the findings at he Sonora cemetery where the five bodies with dental mutilation are all over 12 years in age" as told by Garcia Moreno. 

In the case of this particular cemetery the social differences can't be recognized because all the burials found had the same characteristics. Some of them were wearing ornaments and others not, and only one of the 25 skeletons found was a female. The social distinctions were not found.

Of the 25 skeletons found, 17 were between 5 months and 16 years of age, 8 were adults.  Garcia Moreno said the number of infants and pre-pubescents identified may indicate a poor practice of the cranial deformations and death was mostly caused by excessive force in the process of squeezing the skull. The find has been dated to the year 943 CE (Common Era) from sample taken from one skeleton.

Why the cranial deformation was used to differentiate the social classes? Is this associated with this classes wanting to be more "God" like in appearance?.  If this is true, then we can associate the form of the cranium, more extended to the back with more cranial vault space to someone that this group saw sometime back in history. This may be why this people adapted as a custom the infant cranial deformation in higher classes to differentiate themselves from others in the community.  This customs can be found in many cultures all around the globe, cultures in different parts of the hemispheres that never had contact one with the other.  Then why we see the same deformations to simulate the same form of cranium all over the earth? These people were imitating the same person they saw as a powerful, intelligent being that was some kind of role model and was useful to follow and be as close as him as they can.  Are this long headed beings the "Gods" of our ancients all over the earth?  Did they use the same model to follow because they wanted or they were told to do it for some kind of other purpose?


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Nazi UFO Aircrafts

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By the middle of 1934 in Germany, was created the first experimental circular aircraft, propelled with anti-gravitational effect. By the end of 1934 the first light round aircraft with propulsion system and magnetic impulse steering.  It possessed two typical characteristics of UFO, the optical blurring of the contours when accelerating and the colored lights depending on the power of flight.  It remained virtually unnoticed by the political leadership of that time. 4 years later the first jet propelled  aircraft was created.  

Haunebu I, 1939

In the end of 1938 they had constructed the 4th generation of light disk shaped aircrafts (RFZ) to research how disk shaped objects behave on flight.  In 1939 the Haunebu I was built, it was the first long distance aircraft. It measure more than 65 feet, in August 1939 it made it's first testing flight.

In 1945 the V7, another light aircraft was tested in the sky, the general characteristics described the V7 as a supersonic helicopter fitted with 12 VMW O 28 turbo engines. In the first fly it reached an altitude of 78,000 feet, on the second test flight it almost reach the 80,000 feet.

The Germans had one saucer shaped aircraft that was capable of 1,200 mph, vertical takeoff, 90 degree changes like a helicopter. They also had another aircraft that could do 2,500 mph with a laser weapon that was capable of penetration 4 inches of armor.   

as said by Virgil Armstrong (CIA Agent Rtd.)

Model Haunebu II, one of the Nazi saucer shaped light aircraft

Thule-Vril RFZ "Rundflugzeug" (Round Aircraft) Series:
RFZ-1, disc aircraft prototype 1937
RFZ-2, "Fliegende Heisswasserflasche" (Flying Hot Water Bottle) disc aircraft 

     prototype 1937, performed recon in 1940
RFZ-3, disc aircraft prototype 1937
RFZ-4, disc aircraft prototype 1938
RFZ-5, disc aircraft, re-designated Haunebu 1, 1939, 2 produced
RFZ-6, disc aircraft prototype 1940
RFZ-7, disc aircraft, re-designated Vril 1 Jäger, 1941, 17 produced [2]

After the WWII, the operation "Paperclip" took place in Germany, where all the scientific Hi-Tech material were collected by USA personnel.  Allegedly used as a early start in USA space technology. In 1969 the first man landed on the moon. Theorist have tie this to all the technology recovered in Germany.  

There are several theories of what happened with those aircraft, one is that one of them was send to the bottom of a lake in Austria, others said that they were send somewhere in South America or the Antarctic.  Some theories propose that there is a German UFO base in the Antarctic.

US Navy launches the biggest military operation (named High Jump) in the Antarctic ice under the command of Admiral Richard E. Byrd. This operation included 13 ships, 1 aircraft carrier, 2 seaplane tenders, 6 two-engined R4D transports and 4000 men. The only official statement on the purpose of such a task force is the need for testing "new material under the extreme Antarctic conditions." The force starts up at the established US bases in the Ross Sea, then it moves up the western Antarctic coast heading toward the Northern Antarctic coast.

Why is the need for such a big task force in this area? Why did Byrd return to the US in February 1947? Why terminate the expedition so abruptly? The operation was planned and equipped for a full 6-8 month duration. Maybe the operation directed by Admiral Bird of USA in the Antarctic, searched for submarines and German aircrafts that supposedly were hidden?

The are supposed evidence that tell that Admiral Bird found in the Antarctica fresh water lakes with never freezing water, surrounded by areas without any snow. allegedly the Navy planes start to disappear really quickly in the area, also that some of them crashed into invisible barriers and disintegrating in mid flight. As supposedly Admiral Bird told as classified material.

In 1950, Captain C. Moreno, commander of the Argentine Navy, wrote the following report: 

     "In 16 hours. 10 minutes on March 24, the crew of our ship saw in the sky a disk     
      shaped object that was neither an airplane, satellite or a weather balloon" 

In June and July 1950, followed by a series of observations of supposed  UFOs in the sky by Chilean and Argentine population, the Brazilian newspaper O'Estado reported:

"The object was in-swept form, its surface flow from red to green. Zigzag machine flying in a westerly direction, changing course and speed several times. The object remained stationary for about 20 minutes at an altitude of 5000 meters in full silence" 

In September 1950, Officer A. Orrego Chilean Navy photographed a very large object flying inswept form maneuver in the sky of the Chilean Antarctic. [1] 



What really happened? What is true about all this aircrafts that are missing? Only time can tell!





    





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12,000 Year Old Textiles and Rope Fragments Found in Peru

Guitarrero Cave is located in the intermontane Callejo'n de Huaylas Valley (2,500–4,000 m) in the north central highlands of Peru, at an elevation of 2,580 m. Excavations defined two cultural complexes.  The earliest, Complex I, is characterized by flakes, scrapers, a tanged triangular bladed projectile point, the remains of deer, rodents, rabbits, and birds.  The overlying Complex II yielded the same and additional species of animals. Different materials in several forms like: triangular, lanceolate, also other projectile points and artifacts made of wood, bone, and plant fiber. 


"By dating the textiles themselves, we were able to confirm their antiquity and refine the timing of the early occupation of the Andes highlands,”  Jolie said in the report published in Current Anthropology.  His team used radiocarbon dating technique, accelerated mass spectrometry to date the textiles fragments at between 12,100 and 11,080 years old.

Partially carbonized fragment of a close-twined 

bag or cloth.(top right) Opentwined mat or basket 

showing organic residue. (bottom) 

The textile items include fragments of woven fabrics possibly used for bags, baskets, wall or floor coverings and/or bedding. They were likely left by settlers from lower altitude areas during “periodic forays" into the mountains, the researchers said.  “Guitarrero Cave’s location at a lower elevation in a more temperate environment as compared with the high Andean [plain] made it an ideal site for humans to camp and provision themselves for excursions to even higher altitudes,” Jolie and his colleagues write.










This textiles fragments have become the oldest examples of this technology in South America and are among the earliest from all of the Americas. The next firmly dated textiles from South America derive from Paloma, also in Peru, dated to as early as 8,800 cal yr BP (calibrated Years before the present), those are similar cordage, netting, bags, twined matting, and clothing made from plant fibers.

Stone Point found at the Cave. 

Fragments of knotted cords, possibly from nets, from Quebrada Jaguay, Peru, date to about ∼10,600 cal yr BP and small fish bones, including drum as well as anchovy and marine bird bones dated to ∼12,500 cal yr BP at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru, further imply the existence of early and sophisticated netting technology in coastal Peru.

Three pieces of rope or string, probably used for binding or lashing,
revealed by radiocarbon dating to be as much as
12,1000 years old.

The c14 date and the technical execution of the Guitarrero textiles and cordage show the existence of a highly developed fiber based technology for transport, trapping, hunting, and cooking, continuing to confirm a complex and early date of colonization of the Americas.





Dating by accelerator mass spectrometry of wooden artifacts, cord, and charcoal samples from Guitarrero Cave supports the antiquity of South America's earliest textiles and other perishable remains such as the fire making stick and the woven twine. The dates are consistent with those obtained from C14 counters and leave little doubt about the integrity of the lower preceramic layers and their early cultivated plants.

Fire making stick

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Ancient Admixture in Human History

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Scientists have discovered that Northern European populations including British, Scandinavians, French, and some Eastern Europeans descend from a mixture of two very different ancestral populations. One of these populations is related to Native Americans.

This discovery helps fill gaps in scientific understanding of both Native American and Northern European ancestry, while providing an explanation for some genetic similarities among what would otherwise seem to be very divergent groups. This research was published in the November 2012 issue of the Genetics Society of America's journal Genetics. [1]

The researchers used a software package called ADMIXTOOLS, this tell if genetic mixture occur and make infering possible, also can be used to obtain age of the mixture.  The journal describes the method: "Development of a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array consisting of 629,433 sites with clearly documented ascertainment that was specifically designed for population genetic analyses and that we genotyped in 934 individuals from 53 diverse populations. To illustrate the methods, we give a number of examples that provide new insights about the history of human
admixture."[1]

"There is a genetic link between the paleolithic population of Europe and modern Native Americans. The evidence is that the population that crossed the Bering Strait from Siberia into the Americas more than 15,000 years ago was likely related to the ancient population of Europe." as told by Nick Patterson the first author of the journal.
The most striking finding is a clear signal of admixture into northern Europe, with one ancestral population related to present day Basques, Sardinians, northeast Asia population and Americans. This likely reflects a history of admixture between Neolithic migrants and the indigenous Mesolithic population of Europe, consistent with recent analyses of ancient bones from Sweden and the sequencing of the genome of the Tyrolean “Iceman.”


There is another study about the admixture in african population. This tells us: "Despite the widespread study of genetic variation in admixed human populations, such as African-Americans, there has not been an evaluation of the effects of recent admixture on patterns of polymorphism or inferences about population demography. These issues are particularly relevant because estimates of the timing and magnitude of population growth in Africa have differed among previous studies, some of which examined African-American individuals. Here we use simulations and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected through direct resequencing and genotyping to investigate these issues. We find that when estimating the current population size and magnitude of recent growth in an ancestral population using the site frequency spectrum (SFS), it is possible to obtain reasonably accurate estimates of the parameters when using samples drawn from the admixed population under certain conditions. We also show that methods for demographic inference that use haplotype patterns are more sensitive to recent admixture than are methods based on the SFS. The analysis of human genetic variation data from the Yoruba people of Ibadan, Nigeria and African-Americans supports the predictions from the simulations. Our results have important implications for the evaluation of previous population genetic studies that have considered African-American individuals as a proxy for individuals from West Africa as well as for future population genetic studies of additional admixed populations." [2]


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Gold, Flesh of the Gods

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Lake Guatavita, Colombia

A meteor crater may had created this circular lake. In its surroundings is were around the 16th century the search for el Dorado started which remains undiscovered.  The ruler on the civilization near the lake was called El Dorado by the Spanish conquistadors because the chief was adorned with gold dust, then he will jump into the lake to wash the gold, so it accumulate on the lake as an offerering to the Gods. They also went to the lake and throw gold artifacts for the God that lived in the bottom of the lake Guatavita.

Gold may have been searched by the Gods for its properties like: It is an inert material, it doesn’t react with anything, is a great conductor of electricity and a reflector of infrared energy. It can be used as gold blacked on a spacecraft to reflect the heat.  

Lake Guatavita

This is a representation of the "boat" El dorado used to get him into the lake and make the gold offerings , immersing into the lake with his body covered in gold dust.

In 1912 Hartley Knowles led an excavation on the lake, it’s said that he recovered approximately $20,000 on gold artifacts.  This are some of the artifacts that have been found over the years near and in the lake Guatavita.

Egypt

The Egyptians believed the gold was divine, god like material, the flesh of the god.  There is a theory that the Egyptians were capable of manufacturing gold, from the ancient civilizations they were the one with the most abundance of gold.  Christopher Dunn has a theory were he explain how the pyramid of Gyza was used as a giant machine that after a series of chemical reactions was capable of making gold. 

In 1936 after 11 years of work the body of the Sphinx is finally out of sand. It has 241 feet long & 66 feet high is the largest and oldest statue in the world.  It is claimed to be from 2500 BC, it may be older by the erosions on the stone.  In the Sumerians texts there is also historical writings that depicts sphinxes and other half man half animals stories.  This may be a clue that proves genetic testing & manipulation made not only in humans but also mixing of human and animals genes, like it is suggested in the theory of Zecharia Sitchin.  

This theory explains that the Anunnakis came to earth in search of gold because like all planets Nibiru (Anunnakis home planet) have undergone climate & atmospheric changes, that due to nuclear technology & weapons over time made the atmospheric problems irreversible.  Sitchin suggested that they came to earth with the idea of creating a shield of gold particles to protect Nibiru's atmosphere.  This search for gold (In Nibiru gold is rare) leads Anunnaki to arrive to earth for attaining gold.  After a little time mining for gold they got tired of it and got the idea of making someone to do the dirty job of extracting the gold. This leads to the genetic testing with the most adavanced mammal on earth, the homo erectus, after several mixings of DNA, they mix the homo erectus DNA and the Anunnakis DNA to make the Homo sapiens as a employee in the gold mining some 300,000 years ago.  This is the missing link between the ape and us humans, as the theory presents.  

Ground penetrating radar have been conducted in the Gyza plateau revealing underground cavities and passages around and beneath the sphinx.  In the Sphinx paws theorists said is where the halls for records can be found, there is a storage for gold, in its walls there’s even the history of Atlantis, were alleged gods lived and after Atlatis sunk they came to Egypt around  10,500 BC. They needed to storage for the gold and also all the knowledge they brought. This leads Egyptians to constructing the Halls of records and maybe the passages below the surface. Who knows what may be hidden in that place and if there is ever going to be found???

France

In 29 january, 1953, it is told that Marie Denarnaud had a secret about the city of Rennes-le-Chateau been above tons of gold.  Sadly she had a stroke and never told the secret to anyone.  The legend of this gold comes from the 5^th century, when after sacking Rome, the warriors made their way to the area of Rennes-Le-Chateau, then they abandoned the area leaving behind some of the treasures they brought from Rome.  

In 1891, a priest was restoring the church, when he discovered something as historians tell, turned the priest into a wealthy man almost overnight, something that still unknown, some researchers think he founded the gold leaved behind in the 5th century.  

The inscription in the arch of the door reads "Terribilis Est" that means this place is terrible.  In the bible we can find that same thing about the stairs to the sky that connect the mortals in the earth with the gods in the sky. This vision appeared in a dream Jacob had during a nap resting his head on a stone, where he saw angels coming down from the sky and angels going up from earth using that stair.  Its this Church a portal to other world, where the “gods” live? Where the Gods and Angels can descend to earth and intervene with the mortals? If that's true, can mortals also find their way to climb from earth to the supposed "heaven"???

Terribilis Est

Peru

Coricancha, Cuzco, Peru

The Coricancha (meaning "Golden Courtyard") used to be an Inca temple a ceremonial complex at each summer solstice containing multiple stone buildings. There was a sun disc that reflected the sun and bathed the temple in light. During the summer solstice, the sun still shines directly into a niche where only the Inca chieftain was permitted to sit. Part of this complex was used as an astronomical observatory. 1559 spanish conquistadors construct the cathedral of Santo Domingo in the center of cuzco, surrounded by the ruins of the Inca temple. The Ponchao was a gold disk that the Inca workship, this was in honor of the flying disk that landed on the feet of the ruler Atagualpa, he had direct contact with the gods as legends said. 

The interior of the Coricancha was decorated with objects made of silver and gold. All the walls were covered with plaques of pure gold as historians said.

In 1533 when spanishs overtook the city of cuzco they search the Coricancha looking for the gold. Previous to the search the gold was removed from Corichancha and moved 20 miles from the city, it was throw at the bottom of a nearby lake Puray as theorists said in order to keep the gold away from the spanish.

UFO sightings in Lake Puray, Peru are believed to be related to supposed gold hidden in the bottom of the lake. People report seen strange "planes" that actually enter into the lake at night. Sightings have been reported for hundred of years in this area of Peru. The reports also state that there is a vortex in the water 20 feet across where the spaceship enter and leaves the lake.

  

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King Tutankhamun Family

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King Tut was a frail pharaoh, beset by malaria and a bone disorder, his health possibly compromised by his incestuous origins. This was the first DNA study ever conducted with ancient Egyptian royal mummies. It apparently solves several mysteries surrounding King Tut, including how he died and who his parents were."He was not a very strong pharaoh. He was not riding the chariots," said study team member Carsten Pusch, a geneticist at Germany's University of Tübingen. "Picture instead a frail, weak boy who had a bit of a club foot and who needed a cane to walk."Regarding the revelation that King Tut's mother and father were brother and sister, Pusch said, "Inbreeding is not an advantage for biological or genetic fitness. Normally the health and immune system are reduced and malformations increase," he said.

Short Reign, Lasting Impact of King Tutankhamun was a pharaoh during ancient Egypt's New Kingdom era, about 3,300 years ago. He ascended to the throne at the age of 9 but ruled for only ten years before dying at 19 around 1324 B.C. Despite his brief reign, King Tut is perhaps Egypt's best known pharaoh because of the wealth of treasures, including a solid gold death mask found during the surprise discovery of his intact tomb in 1922. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, marks the first time the Egyptian government has allowed genetic studies to be performed using royal mummies." This will open to us a new era," said project leader Zahi Hawass, the Secretary General of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA). "I'm very happy this is an Egyptian project, and I'm very proud of the work that we did."

King Tut

King Tut's Close Knit Family in the study, the mummies of King Tut and ten other royals that researchers have long suspected were his close relatives were examined. Of these ten, the identities of only three had been known for certain. Using DNA samples taken from the mummie's bones, the scientists were able to create a five generation family tree for the boy pharaoh. The team looked for shared genetic sequences in the Y chromosome, a bundle of DNA passed only from father to son to identify King Tut's male ancestors. The researchers then determined parentage for the mummies by looking for signs that a mummy's genes are a blend of a specific couple's DNA. In this way, the team was able to determine that a mummy known until now as KV55 is the "heretic king" Akhenaten and that he was King Tut's father. Akhenaten was best known for abolishing ancient Egypt's pantheon in favor of worshipping only one god.

Stillborn Fetus

The mummy known as KV35 was King Tut's grandfather, the pharaoh Amenhotep III, whose reign was marked by unprecedented prosperity. Preliminary DNA evidence also indicates that two stillborn fetuses entombed with King Tut when he died were daughters whom he likely fathered with his chief queen Ankhensenamun, whose mummy may also have finally been identified.  Also, a mummy previously known as the Elder Lady is Queen Tiye, King Tut's grandmother and wife of Amenhotep III.

Queen Tiye, King Tut's Grandmother

The Young Lady, King's Tuts Mother

King Tut's mother is a mummy researchers had been calling the Younger Lady. While the body of King Tut's mother has finally been revealed, her identity remains a mystery. DNA studies show that she was the daughter of Amenhotep III and Tiye and thus was the full sister of her husband, Akhenaten. Some Egyptologists have speculated that King Tut's mother was Akhenaten's chief wife, Queen Nefertiti, made famous by an iconic bust. But the new findings seem to challenge this idea, because historical records do not indicate that Nefertiti and Akhenaten were related.  Instead, the sister with whom Akhenaten fathered King Tut may have been a minor wife or concubine, which would not have been unusual, said Willeke Wendrich, a UCLA Egyptologist who was not involved in the study."Egyptian pharaohs had multiple wives, and often multiple sons who would potentially compete for the throne after the death of their father," Wendrich said. inbreeding would also not have been considered unusual among Egyptian royalty of the time.

The researchers discovered the mummy (top left and right) shared many unusual features with Tutankhamun (bottom left and right), including his distinctive, egg-shaped skull. Other similarities include a slight spinal scoliosis, impacted wisdom teeth, a similarly cleft palate, and nearly identical jaw and cheekbones. This other mummy is Akhenaten, King Tut's father.

King Tut Plagued by Malaria, Required Canethe team's examination of King Tut's body also revealed previously unknown deformations in the king's left foot, caused by the necrosis, or death, of bone tissue. The affliction would have been painful and forced King Tut to walk with a cane, many of which were found in his tomb, but it would not have been life threatening. Malaria, however, would have been a serious danger. The scientists found DNA from the mosquito borne parasite that causes malaria in the young pharaoh's body the oldest known genetic proof of the disease. The team found more than one strain of malaria parasite, indicating that King Tut caught multiple malarial infections during his life. The strains belong to the parasite responsible for malaria tropica, the most virulent and deadly form of the disease. The malaria would have weakened King Tut's immune system and interfered with the healing of his foot. These factors, combined with the fracture in his left thighbone, which scientists had discovered in 2005, may have ultimately been what killed the young king. Until now the best guesses as to how King Tut died have included a hunting accident, a blood infection, a blow to the head, and poisoning.


Speculations said that Akhenaten had a genetic disorder that caused him to develop the feminine features seen in his statutes, including wide hips, a potbelly, and the female like breasts associated with the condition gynecomastia. When the team analyzed Akhenaten's body using medical scanners, no evidence of such abnormalities were found. Hawass and his team concluded that the feminized features found in the statues of Akenhaten created during his reign were done for religious and political reasons.In ancient Egypt, Akhenaten was a god, Hawass explained. "The poems said of him, 'you are the man, and you are the woman,' so artists put the picture of a man and a woman in his body."


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National Geographic

King Tut European DNA?

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It is claimed that only 1% of Egyptians shared genetic material with the teenage Pharaoh in contrast with Europeans that shared 70% genetics with the king.
True or false???.....keep reading and tell me what you think!
A personal genomics company in Switzerland says they've reconstructed a DNA profile of King Tutankhamen by watching the Discovery Channel, claiming the results suggest more than half of Western European men are related to the boy king. But researchers who worked to decode Tut's genome in the first place say the claim is "unscientific."Swiss genomics company iGENEA has launched a Tutankhamen DNA project based on what they say are genetic markers that appeared on a computer screen during a Discovery Channel special on the famous pharaoh's genetic lineage."Maybe they didn't know what they showed, but we got 16 markers from the Y chromosome from these pharaohs," Roman Scholz, the managing director of iGENEA, told LiveScience.

If the claims were true, it would put King Tut in a genetic profile group shared by more than half of Western European men. That would make those men relatives — albeit distant ones — of the pharaoh. But Carsten Pusch, a geneticist at Germany's University of Tubingen who was part of the team that unraveled Tut's DNA from samples taken from his mummy and mummies of his family members, said that iGENEA's claims are "simply impossible." Pusch and his colleagues published part of their results, though not the Y-chromosome DNA, in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2010. The Y chromosome is the sex chromosome found only in males, and looking at the genes in this chromosome would show Tut's male lineage.Pusch's team used snippets of Y-chromosome DNA  to link Tut to his closest relatives, identifying his mom and dad. But they didn't publish the full genetic data that would allow genomics companies like iGENEA to link modern people to the Tutankhamen lineage.

According to Scholz, that crucial data is what appeared on the Discovery Channel."Dr. Albert Zink from the EURAC [European Academy of Bolzano, an independent research center] in Bolzano and co-author of the 2010 JAMA publication screened the footage and confirmed that the company acts very unscientific," Pusch wrote in an email to LiveScience. "The Swiss company did not try to get into contact with us prior to launching their new Internet page."The alleged Discovery Channel markers put Tut in a genetic profile group, or haplogroup, that also includes more than half of the men in Western Europe. Scholz said the company is now searching for the closest living relatives of Tutankhamen, men who share all 16 genetic markers on the pharaoh's supposed Y chromosome. Exact matches get a refund for their $179 to $399 test and will also get free additional DNA analysis. The haplogroup R1b1a2, which iGENEA claims includes King Tut, arose 9,500 years ago in the Black Sea region. How Tut's ancestors would have gotten from that region to Egypt is unknown, but Scholz said iGENEA hopes to learn more by collecting more close and exact matches from modern people of Western European descent."The better the match, the more recent the common ancestor," Scholz said.But people hoping to prove that they've got an ancestor in common with the notoriously sickly boy kingshould take iGENEA's claims with a grain of salt, Pusch said: "It appears that they try to better sell their DNA testing kit by using the media attention connected to King Tut."
















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